Can LLMs Truly Understand Deep Computer Architecture Papers?

Can LLMs Perform Deep Technical Comprehension of Computer Architecture Papers

We tested if large language models can perform deep technical comprehension of computer architecture papers, not just summarization. Our Gauntlet pipeline uses five expert personas and adversarial synthesis to critique papers. In a study of 20 papers from ISCA 2025 and HPCA 2026, human evaluators preferred Gauntlet's analysis 15 times over human-written critiques. The multi-agent structure proved significantly more effective than single-agent approaches, revealing that AI can now offer rigorous, structured technical insights.

"Where humans win, it is on trust and usefulness rather than depth: a confident wrong claim, a mechanism described but not taught, or unprioritized breadth."