Kobo e-readers can now run apps: Cobalt brings a signed App Store and Rust SDK
Kobo can run apps now

Cobalt is an open-source application platform for Kobo e-readers, turning them into app-running devices. It includes a launcher, a signed App Store, a Rust SDK, and a runtime that isolates each app in its own unprivileged process. Install it once over USB; after that, apps install, update, and remove over Wi-Fi. A reboot returns to the stock Kobo reader. The platform ships with apps like arXiv, Hacker News, and a terminal, and supports third-party app contributions via pull requests.
Every app is a static ARM binary running as its own unprivileged process on stock hardware.